Which security model introduces access to objects only through programs? 

Answer options:

A. The Biba model
B. The Bell-LaPadula model
C. The Clark-Wilson model
D. The information flow model

C

In the Clark-Wilson model, the subject no longer has direct access to objects but instead must access them through programs (well -formed transactions). The ClarkWilson integrity model provides a foundation for specifying and analyzing an integrity policy for a computing system. The model is primarily concerned with formalizing the notion of information integrity. Information integrity is maintained by preventing corruption of data items in a system due to either error or malicious intent. An integrity policy describes how the data items in the system should be kept valid from one state of the system to the next and specifies the capabilities of various principals in the system. The model defines enforcement rules and certification rules. ClarkWilson is more clearly applicable to business and industry processes in which the integrity of the information content is paramount at any level of classification. Integrity goals of ClarkWilson model: Prevent unauthorized users from making modification (Only this one is addressed by the Biba model). Separation of duties prevents authorized users from making improper modifications. Well formed transactions: maintain internal and external consistency i.e. it is a series of operations that are carried out to transfer the data from one consistent state to the other. The following are incorrect answers: The Biba model is incorrect.The Biba model is concerned with integrity and controls access to objects based on a comparison of the security level of the subject to that of the object. The Bell-LaPdaula model is incorrect.The Bell-LaPaula model is concerned with confidentiality and controls access to objects based on a comparison of the clearence level of the subject to the classification level of the object. The information flow model is incorrect.The information flow model uses a lattice where objects are labelled with security classes and information can flow either upward or at the same level.It is similar in framework to the Bell-LaPadula model. References: ISC2 Official Study Guide, Pages 325 - 327 AIO3, pp. 284 - 287 - AIOv4 Security Architecture and Design (pages 338 - 342) AIOv5 Security Architecture and Design (pages 341 - 344) Wikipedia at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark-Wilson_model