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When seeking to determine the security position of an organization, the security professional will eventually turn to a vulnerability assessment to help identify specific areas of weakness that need to be addressed. A vulnerability assessment is the use of various tools and analysis methodologies to determine where a particular system or process may be susceptible to attack or misuse. Most vulnerability assessments concentrate on technical vulnerabilities in systems or applications, but the assessment process is equally as effective when examining physical or administrative business processes. The vulnerability assessment is often part of a BIA. It is similar to a Risk Assessment in that there is a quantitative (financial) section and a qualitative (operational) section. Itdiffers in that i t is smaller than a full risk assessment and is focused on providing information that is used solely for the business continuity plan or disaster recovery plan. A function of a vulnerability assessment is to conduct a loss impact analysis. Because there will be two parts to the assessment, a financial assessment and an operational assessment, it will be necessary to define loss criteria both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative loss criteria may be defined as follows: Incurring financial losses from loss of revenue, capital expenditure, or personal liability resolution The additional operational expenses incurred due to the disruptive event Incurring financial loss from resolution of violation of contract agreements Incurring financial loss from resolution of violation of regulatory or compliance requirements Qualitative loss criteria may consist of the following: The loss of competitive advantage or market share The loss of public confidence or credibility, or incurring public mbarrassment Duringthe vulnerability assessment,critical support areas must be defined in order to assess the impact of a disruptive event. A critical support area is defined as a businessunit or function that must be present to sustain continuity of the business processes, maintain life safety, or avoid public relations embarrassment. Critical support areas could include the following: Telecommunications, data communications, or information technology areas Physical infrastructure or plant facilities, transportation services Accounting, payroll, transaction processing, customer service, purchasing The granular elements of these critical support areas will also need to be identified. By granular elements we mean the personnel, resources, and services the critical support areas need to maintain business continuity Reference(s) used for this question: Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 4628-4632). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition. KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel
D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Page 277.